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The process of independently monitoring and investigating — internally or externally — the operations and activities of a government agency, company or civil society organization to ensure accountability and efficient use of resources. In parliamentary systems of government, standing committees provide this function.50
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Example in practice
Timor Leste’s independent oversight mechanism, the Office of the Provedor de Direitos Humanos eJustiça, operates outside the government, reports to parliament and is responsible for investigating government and citizen complaints against state agencies or private contractors, who manage oroperate public goods and services.
Relevant links
—— European Partners against Corruption.
—— Project on Government Oversight.
50 World Bank, Putting in Place Independent Oversight and Audit
Transparency International, United Nations Human Settlements Programme, Tools to Support Transparency in Local Governance (Kenya and Berlin: 2004).