السبت,1 أكتوبر 2011 - 12:00 ص
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A situation where powerful individuals, institutions, companies or groups within or outside a country use corruption to shape a nation’s policies, legal environment and economy to benefit their own private interests. 70
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Example in practice
Since the 1990s, multinational corporations have pressured and bribed key politicians in the Solomon Islands to create a favourable operating environment for logging and to weaken national-level timbermanagement, successfully gaining advantages such as decreasing export taxes, postponing thelogging export ban and preventing moves to strengthen government oversight of foreign-controlled
operations.71
Relevant links
—— Global Witness
—— World Bank: Development Outreach - State Capture: Who Represents the Poor?
—— World Bank: State Capture and Influence
70 Hellman and D. Kaufmann, ‘Confronting the Challenge of State Capture in Transition Economies’, Finance & Development, vol. 38, no. 3
(2001).
D. Kaufmann, F. Recanatini, S. Biletsky, ‘Assessing Governance: Diagnostic Tools and Applied Methods for CapacityBuilding and Action Learning’ (Washington, DC: World Bank, 2002).
United Nations Development Programme, Tackling Corruption, Transforming Lives: Accelerating Human Development in the Asia and the Pacific (New Delhi: Macmillan, 2008).